What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a group of two or more computers and devices that are connected together to share data, resources, and information.
These resources can include files, printers, internet connections, software, and communication services.
In simple words:
👉 When computers are connected so they can talk to each other, it is called a network.
🔹 Why Do We Need Computer Networks?
Computer networks help us to:
- Share files and data easily
- Use the internet
- Share hardware like printers and scanners
- Communicate through email, chat, and video calls
- Centralize data for security and backup
🧩 Basic Components of a Network
- Devices: Computer, laptop, mobile, server
- Networking Devices: Router, switch, hub, modem
- Transmission Media: Cable (LAN), WiFi (wireless)
- Protocols: Rules for communication (TCP/IP, HTTP)
🏷️ Types of Computer Networks (Full Details)
1️⃣ LAN (Local Area Network)
LAN is a network that covers a small geographical area such as a home, school, office, or building.
Features:
- High speed
- Low cost
- Limited area
Examples:
- Office computers connected together
- School computer lab
2️⃣ WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN covers a large geographical area, such as cities, countries, or even the whole world.
Features:
- Covers long distances
- Uses public networks
- Slower than LAN (comparatively)
Example:
- The Internet is the largest WAN
3️⃣ MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN covers a city or large campus area.
Features:
- Larger than LAN, smaller than WAN
- High-speed data transfer
Examples:
- Cable TV network in a city
- University campus network
4️⃣ PAN (Personal Area Network)
PAN is used for personal devices within a very short range.
Features:
- Very small area (few meters)
- Uses Bluetooth or USB
Examples:
- Mobile connected to earbuds
- Laptop connected to smartphone hotspot
5️⃣ WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
WLAN is a type of LAN that uses wireless (WiFi) instead of cables.
Features:
- No cables required
- Easy to install
- Uses WiFi router
Examples:
- Home WiFi
- Café or hotel WiFi
📊 Comparison Table (Quick Revision)
| Network Type | Full Form | Area Covered | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAN | Personal Area Network | Few meters | Bluetooth |
| LAN | Local Area Network | Building | Office |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network | City | Cable TV |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | Country/World | Internet |